BETH, Evert Willem (1908-1964)
Les fondements logiques des mathématiques.
Paris, Gauthier-Villars & Louvain, E,Nauwelaerts 1950.
[II],222,[1]p. (Collection de logique mathématique) Cloth, orig. upper wrapper laid down. The author's bookplate to front pastedown. (#19605)
€ 450

First edition. The author's own copy, almost entirely interleaved with typewritten annotations in Dutch. This copy was apparently meant to accompany his lectures as professor of logic and the foundations of mathematics in Amsterdam, or perhaps as a visiting professor at Johns Hopkins University. At end 2 folding leaves with typewritten errata, probably meant for the second edition that appeared 1955.

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BöHM-BAWERK, Eugen von (1851-1914) Recent literature on interest (1884-1899). A supplement to ‘Capital and interest'. Translated by William A.Scott and Professor Doctor Siegmund Feilbogen. New York, The Macmillan Company 1903. XLII,[2],151,[4 advert.]p. Orig. red cloth. (#39990) € 250

First edition. A supplement to William Smart's English translation (1890) of the first edition of Böhm-Bawerk's Geschichte und Kritik der Capitalzins-Theorien (1884). It is a translation of the appendix of the second German edition of 1900 in which the author reviewed the literature on interest which had appeared since the first edition.

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BUTTE, Wilhelm (1772-1833)
Grundlinien der Arithmetik des menschlichen Lebens, nebst Winken für deren Anwendung auf Geographie, Staats- und Natur-Wissenschaft.
Landshut, Philipp Krüll 1811.
XXXIV,[4],420p. With 9 folding tables. Contemp. half calf, red edges, some wear but a good copy. (#31215)
€ 600

First edition. An essay on political arithmetic by a professor of economics and statistics in Landshut. It is divided into two parts. The first or 'theoretical' part is an attempt to develop 'the principles of the arithmetic of human life'. In a brief historical survey Butte refers to pioneers in the field of political arithmetic like Graunt, Petty, Davenant, Malthus, Deparcieux, Messance, Kersseboom and Süssmilch. This is followed by a typology of human development: 'ideas on the types of human life, comparison of these ideas with observations, harmony of the proportions connected with the types, and special observance and development of the difference of gender and (speculative) inquiry into the laws of all possible variations in sexual life'. The larger second or 'practical' part treats the application of the arithmetic of human life, this in relation to geographical circumstances, political science and legislation and natural sciences. An abridged French edition of this appeared the next year in Paris (Prolégomènes de l'arithmétique de la vie humaine). *Kress S.5990. Goldsmiths' 20203. Humpert 12238.

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CAPELLEN VAN DE MARSCH, Robert Jan van der (1743-1814) Mémoires du baron de Capellen de Marsch, membre de l'ordre équestre du Comté de Zutphen et des Etats souverains du Duché de Gueldre, député extraordinaire à l'Assemblée de leurs Hautes-Puissances les Etats-généraux des Provinces-Unies. Condamné à perdre la tète, par une sentence de la Cour de Gueldre, du 8 Août 1788, après le bouleversement de la République par les troupes Prussiennes. Traduit du Hollandois. Paris, de l'imprimerie de H.J.Jansen 1791. [II],530,[2]p. Nineteenth-century red morocco, back richly gilt, gilt floral borders, gilt edges (sd. L.Peeters, Antwerp). Half-title and corner of quires N-P with waterstain. (#32174) € 350

First French edition. The author was a Dutch patriot, one of its leaders in the province of Gelderland, and a cousin of the famous patriot leader Joan Derk van der Capellen tot den Pol. After the restoration of 1787 he fled to France and in 1788 was sentenced to death for high treason by the Court of Gelderland. As from page 177 a great number of documents. A Dutch edition appeared the same year in Dunkirk and a second French edition in 1793.

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[Coinage] Discurs von dem heutigen corrupten Zustand des Müntzwesens im Reich, und wie demselbigen recht und mit Besand wieder aufzuhelffen. [And:] Anmerckungen uber den vor diesem in den Druck gekommenen Discurs ... In welchen die practicirlichte remedia vorgestellet werden, und der Weg gezeigt wird, wie die gröste Difficultäten bey denen in Müntz-Sachen auf dem Reichs-Tag in Deliberation schwebenden dreyzehen, und jüngst dazu gekommenen neun Puncten können erhebt werden, auch was in dieser Materia jetziger Zeit, und sonderlich bey den Müntz-Probations-Tägen am meisten zu wissen vonnöthen ist. Gedruckt im Jahr Christi 1687 & 1692. 2 parts in 1 volume. 4to. 40; 64p. The second part with a nice woodcut head piece and decorated initial. A few corners with damp stain. Recent blank limp cardboard. (#27509) € 750

An anonymous proposal to improve the coinage system in the German states, with additional proposals after five years, perhaps by the same author. The title of the second part continues: Dabey auch zu finden der Werth der ganghafftesten guldenen und silbernen Sorten gegen denen unterschiedlichen Guldnern nach dem Wehrt des gerechten Reichsthalers von 90. Kr. bis 2. fl. auch der Preiss dess feinen Silbers darnach ausgerechnet, und wie die alte Reichs-Gulden, Reichsthaler, Goldgulden und Ducaten von Zeit der alten Müntz-Ordnung de An. 1559. an bis ad Ann. 1623. gestiegen und wieder gefallen. Item, Wie viel die gangbarste guldene und silberne Sorten wägen und fein Silber haben sollen ... The first part has some tables in the text, i.a. a table indicating the value of the Gulden, Reichsthaler, Goldgulden and Ducat from 1582 to 1623.
*Not in Kress, Goldsmiths' or Humpert.

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CONDILLAC, Etienne Bonnot de (1714-1780) Traité des sensations, à Madame la Comtesse de Vassé. A Londres; et se vend à Paris, chez de Bure 1754. 2 volumes in 1. 12mo. [II],VI,345, [IV],335,[1]p. Early nineteenth century full calf, back richly gilt with red morocco label, borders blind-tooled, marbled endpapers (on the first half-title: relié le 15 février 1829). Fine copy. Nineteenth century name (‘Marie Cardine') on first blank. (#20061) € 500 First edition. Condillac's most important book and one of the most influential works on

philosophy and psychology of the eighteenth century. ‘The conclusion of [this] work is that in the natural order of things, everything has its source in sensation, and yet that this source is not equally abundant in all men; men differ greatly in the degree of vividness with which they feel. Finally, he says that man is nothing but what he has acquired; all innate faculties and ideas are to be swept away.'
*En Français dans le texte 158. INED 1165. Tchemerzine-Scheler II, p.479.

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DIEBOLD, John (1926-2005)
Automation. The advent of the automatic factory.
New York, Toronto, London, D. Van Nostrand Company [1952].
[X],181p. Orig. cloth with unclipped ($ 3.00) jacket, jacket has minor chips at top. Fine copy. Signed presentation inscription: ‘For/ Lester David,/ with best wishes/ John Diebold'. (#20445)
€ 750

First edition. A pioneering work on automation and the ‘possibilities, limitations and social and economic consequences of the revolutionary new machines of the electronic age and what they will mean in terms of jobs, cost of goods and services, standards of living and increased leisure time'. It was Diebold's first book, based on his studies at the Harvard Business School. ‘Owing to independent research and ever-persistent curiosity about the whole field of technology, he originated many of the concepts of data processing and utilization that are accepted today in both automation and management. This book was reissued unchanged on its 30th anniversary as a "management classic" by the American Management Association. He is credited with coining the word automation in its present meaning, and had much to do with introducing it to general usage.'

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[DUTOT, Nicolas (1684-1741)] Reflexions politiques sur les finances, et le commerce. Où l'on examine quelles ont été sur les revenus, les denrées, le change étranger, & conséquemment sur notre commerce, les influences des augmentations & des diminutions des valeurs numéraires des monnoyes. La Haye, chez les freres Vaillant & Nicolas Prevost 1738. 2 volumes. 12mo. [II],XXI,[1],444; [II],XII,456p. With folding table to volume 1 and 9 folding tables to volume 2. Contemp. calf, gilt backs with double labels, marbled endpapers, red edges, minor and neat repairs to extremities. (#14853) € 2000

First edition. An examination of the effects of the increase and decrease of the value of money on public revenue, prices and foreign exchange and in consequence on commerce. The author had been a cashier of the Banque Royale that merged with John Law's Compagnie des Indes in 1720. Until recently his first name was known as Charles and no further biographical details were known.
It is clear that Dutot supported the system of John Law, and his book includes a refutation of Melon's Essai politique sur le commerce of 1734, yet it is according to A.Thiers 'undoubtly the most profound book on Law's system and the causes of its fall'. New editions appeared in 1743 and 1754 and it also was included in Guillaumin's collection Economistes financiers du XVIIIe siècle.
*Kress 4381. INED 1695. EHB 1295. This edition not in Einaudi. Stourm p.93. Palgrave I,p.660.

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EEDEN, Frederik van (1860-1932) Van Eeden-Colony in N. Carolina U.S.A. Informations for settlers ... Van Eeden-Kolonie in N. Carolina U.S.A. Inlichtingen voor aspirant kolonisten ... Amsterdam, W.Versluys 1912. 83p. With illustrations. Orig. printed wrappers. (#14527) € 125

First (only) edition. A bilingual Dutch/English booklet advertising to Dutch audiences the Van Eeden Colony in Wilmington, North Carolina, founded by Frederik van Eeden in 1911. It details the climate, soil conditions, customs and habits, etc. Frederik van Eeden was a Dutch writer and psychiatrist and founder of a colony in the Netherlands called ‘Walden' (after Thoreau indeed) that existed from 1898 to 1907.

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FRIEDMAN, Milton (1912-2006) Unemployment versus inflation? An evaluation of the Phillips Curve. With a British commentary ‘The end of ‘'demand management‘': how to reduce unemployment in the late 1970s'. London, The Institute of Economic Affairs 1975. 48p. Orig. printed wrappers. (IEA lecture no. 2; Occasional paper 44) (#15118) € 50

First edition.

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Galiani, Ferdinando. - [DIODATI, Luigi (1763-1832)]
Vita dell'abate Ferdinando Galiani regio consigliere &c. &c. &c.
Napoli, Presso Vincenzo Orsino Si vende da Giuseppe Maria Porcelli 1788.
[VIII],94p. Modern half vellum, richly gilt back. Some light foxing. (#27000)
€ 650

First (only) edition of the first biography of Galiani (1728-1787), published the year after his death. At end (p.91-94) a bibliography of his published and unpublished works. Diodati was a follower of Galiani and the author of a controversial work on the state of the coinage in the Kingdom of Naples Dello stato presente della moneta nel regno di Napoli (1790). *Kress B.1398. Kress, Italian 57. Einaudi 1574. Mattioli 1025.

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GROTIUS, Hugo (1583-1645)
De mari libero et P. Merula de maribus.
Lugd. Batavorum [Leyden], ex officina Elzeviriana [B. & A.Elzevier] 1633.
Small 8vo (11,6 x 6,3 cm). [XVI],267p. With engraved title with a vessel. Contemp. vellum, upper board with colourful decoration. (#29027)
€ 750

One of three editions from the same year. Grotius' seminal treatise on the freedom of the seas ‘or the right of the Dutch to take part in the Indian trade' as the full title of the original edition of 1609 reads. It was published at the demand of the Dutch East Indian Company in order to provide a juridical basis for the Dutch overseas trade in the peace negotiations with Spain. Grotius argued that English, Spanish or Portuguese claims to the monopoly on the overseas trade were untenable, and also for economic reasons disadvantageously, because he grasped that a monopoly leads to higher prices. Laspeyres adds that as a matter of fact the Dutch wanted to destroy the monopoly of the Portuguese only to usurp it themselves. This volume includes also some related treatises: Paulus Merula's Dissertatio de maribus, Marcus Zuerius Boxhorn's Apologia pro navigationibus Hollandorum, adversus Pontum Heuterum and the Tractatus pacis, mutui commercii, sive intercursus mercium, conclusus Londini anno of 1495. *Ter Meulen & Diermanse 546. Willems 385. Laspeyres p.58 & B.20. Kress 484. Goldsmiths' 649. McCulloch p.128.

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Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich. - SCHUBARTH, Karl Ernst (1796-1860) & Karl Anton CARGANICO (1801–58)
Ueber Philosophie überhaupt, und Hegel`s Encyclopädie der philosophischen Wissenschaften insbesondere. Ein Beitrag zur Beurtheilung der letztern.
Berlin, in der Enslin`schen Buchhandlung 1829.
[XVI],VIII,222,[2]p. Contemp. half calf, marbled sides, gilt back with green label. (#26390)
€ 200

First (only) edition. A critical review of Hegel's most complete exposition of his system. Hegel's attempt to accomplish an all-encompassing science in philosophy was, according to the author, indeed the most comprehensive of its kind, but failed. He sharply attacked Hegel arguing that faith should not be subordinated to knowledge. Hegel replied accusing Schubarth of 'pious indulgence in Christianity' and of 'hateful insinuations'. Schubart had sent a draft of his book to Goethe, who had - in vain - tried to get him a job. Goethe replied friendly saying that he did not like to polemicize, but acknowledged to Eckermann that Schubarth was a significant person. *Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie 32, p.606-612.

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[HEY, Johannes van der (1726-1812/13)]
Memorie aan de respective heeren commissarissen van de Generale Nederlandsche Lyfrenten Compagnie.
[No place or printer 1780.]
Folio (33 x 21 cm). 40p. Worn old wrappers. Once folded, vague stamp on title. Added: Reglement der geredresseerde Generaale Nederlandsche Lyfrente-Compagnie. Ingegaan den eersten Mey 1781. [No place or printer 1782.] Folio (33 x 21 cm). XXI,[13]. With 2 folding tables. Very worn old wrappers, once folded, vague stamp on title. (#20414)
€ 450

Two pieces regarding the General Dutch Annuity Company, founded by Johannes van der Hey in 1767, when he united several other similar companies he had founded since 1759. The company initially prospered but after a few years the profits of the company went into decline. By the end of the next decade losses showed untenable and Van der Hey was accused of mismanagement and theft. In the first piece Van der Hey defended his own acting, he denied that there were irregularities in his accounting and that his attempts to rescue the company were deliberately sabotaged. The second piece gives the regulations of the company after it was ‘redressed' in 1780. Also this new company collapsed in 1796. *NCC records a few copies of the first item and only one (IISG) of the second. For Van der Hey see Bouwstoffen voor de geschiedenis van de levensverzekeringen en lijfrenten in Nederland, p.327-332.

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HOGENDORP, Gijsbert Karel van (1762-1834)
Memorie over den tegenwoordigen staat van den handel en de culture in de Oost-Indische bezittingen van den staat.
Te Amsterdam, by de wed. J.Doll 1804.
192,8p. Uncut in contemp. sprinkled boards. (#31796)
€ 350

First edition. A plea for a new colonial policy for the Dutch East Indies. The author rejects the contract trade with native princes and argues for free trade with other nations. It appeared after the liquidation of the East India Company as a sequel to the author's Brieven aan eenen participant in de Oost-Indische compagnie of 1802-03. Gijsbert Karel was the younger brother of Dirk van Hogendorp, also well-known for his fight against the desastrous policy of the Company. He held conservative liberal ideas and is best known as part of the triumvirate that established a constitutional monarchy in the Netherlands in 1813. A notice below the imprint states the book was 'not for sale'.

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[Income tax act]
Observations, &c. upon the Act for taxing income; in which the principles and provisions of the Act are fully considered, with a view to facilitate its execution, both with respect to persons chargeable, and the officers chosen to carry it into effect. With the Act at large. Together with the substance of the clauses of the assessed tax axt that have a reference to this, and a copious index, referring both to the Act and observations. [Preceded by:] An Act (passed 9th January 1799,) to repeal the duties imposed by an Act, made in the last session of Parliament, for granting an aid and contribution for the prosecution of the war; and to make more effectual provision for the like purpose, by granting certain duties upon income, in lieu of the said duties.
London, printed by George Eyre and Andrew Strahan [and:] Bunney & Gold 1799.
2 parts in 1 volume. [IV],152,99,[13]p. Yellowed, last leaf stained. Modern gilt-lettered brown calf over original boards, new white endpapers. (#18600)
€ 750

First edition of both parts. The income tax was introduced by William Pitt the Younger, British prime minister well acquainted with Adam Smith's economic theories. It was introduced to cover the enormous expenditure for the French Revolutionary Wars for which the income from the indirect taxes was insufficient. The tax was originally intended to be abolished after the wars ended, which is what happened in 1802 when the Peace of Amiens was concluded, but when the hostilities resumed the tax was reintroduced. It was abolished once more in 1816, and then reintroduced in 1841, and since then became an integral part of the British tax system. All annual incomes over £200 were taxed at 10 per cent, those between £60 and £200 were taxed at a graduated rate from just under one per cent to 10 per cent, no one was taxed on incomes below £60. At first the tax was highly unpopular and was widely evaded, particularly among merchants and manufacturers, it was thought to be too intrusive into people's private financial circumstances. It was however a significant step towards fairer and more balanced taxation as it distributed the financial burden according to the economic capacity of citizens and nowadays the principle of a progressive income tax is generally accepted. *Kress B.3864. Goldsmiths' 17629.

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[JACOBI, Friedrich Heinrich (1745-1819)]
Etwas das Lessing gesagt hat. Ein Commentar zu den Reisen der Päpste nebst Betrachtungen von einem Dritten.
Berlin, gedruckt bey Georg Jakob Decker 1782.
Small 8vo. 134p. Uncut and partly unopened in contemp. drab wrappers. (#13811)
€ 350

First (only) edition. Written in response to a remark by Lessing, that what Febronius and his followers asserted, viz. that the temporal power of the pope should be reduced in favor of the princes, was shameless flattery of the princes; ‘for all their arguments against the rights of the pope were either no arguments at all, or they were doubly and trebly valid for the princes themselves. Everyone could understand this; and that no one had yet said it publicly with all the sharpness that such a subject deserves, among so many who had the most urgent calling to do so, this was strange enough and a most bad sign‘. One of Jacobi's polemical writings, in which he ‘presents the despotism of the medieval popes as preferable to that of enlightened princes'. A commentary on Johannes Müller's ultramontanist publication in defense of the papacy, in which he placed reason and freedom against despotism and all kinds of arbitrariness.

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[JOLY, Maurice (1829-1878)] Dialogue aux enfers entre Machiavel et Montesquieu ou la politique de Machiavel au XIXe siècle [A manuscript copy.] [No place c.1864.] 117 lvs. Contemp. half brown morocco, marbled sides, gilt back decorated with 3 skulls, marbled endpapers, front free endpaper partly torn away. Circular stamp with ‘A.B' to front blank. (#13148) € 650

A manuscript copy, no doubt produced shortly after the greater part of the printed edition was seized and destroyed by the police of Napoleon III. The Dialogue in hell between Machiavelli and Montesquieu is a satirical attack on the authoritarian government of Napoleon and a plea for liberal republicanism in the form of 25 dialogues. It was published anonymously in 1864 at Brussels by A.Mertens and smuggled into France for distribution, but immediately seized and destroyed and only few copies survived. The writer's identity was soon discovered and Joly, a lawyer and writer, was arrested and sentenced to 18 months imprisonment. A second edition did not appear before 1868, again in Brussels and then under Joly's name.
Much of the dubious fame of this book rests on the use made of it by the author(s) of the infamous antisemitic publication The protocols of the elders of Zion, that sketches a Jewish plot for global domination and was first published in Russia in 1903, though nothing in the original text of the Dialogue was antisemitic.

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[Judaism]
Organisation civile et religieuse des Israélites de France et du royaume d'Italie. Décrétée par Sa Majesté l'Empereur et Roi, le 17 mars 1808; Suivie de la Collection des actes de l'Assemblée des Israélites de France et du royaume d'Italie, convoquée à Paris en 1806; et de celle des Procès-verbaux et Décisions du Grand-Sanhédrin, convoqué en 1807, lesquelles ont servi de base à cette organisation.
Paris, chez Treuttel et Würtz 1808.
2 parts in 1 volume. [II],XII,13-328,[II],16,132p. Contemp. half calf, gilt back with red label, sprinkled edges. (#16478)
€ 900

The Assembly of Jewish Notables was ordered by Napoleon to answer questions regarding Jewish marriages, among themselves and with Christians, their relations with non-Jewish Frenchmen and the French state and society, the jurisdiction of the Rabbis, the practice of usury in dealing with strangers, etc. The Assembly or Sanhedrim was composed of 71 rabbis and laymen and met in Paris from 9 February to 9 March 1807 under the presidency of the Chief Rabbi of Strasbourg, David Sintzheim. It issued nine binding regulations laying the foundations for the national integration of the French Jews by affirming that they were part of the French nation, relegating their religious identity to the private sphere. The separation of the political from the religious in the Jewish population would greatly promote its later assimilation. ‘Napoleon's policy, based as it was on the solicitation of the Jewish community and the taking into account of their thoughts, was, despite its contradictory nature, combining advances with setbacks for rights for the Jews, opened the way for a real and lasting integration of the Jews in France.'

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KELSEN, Hans (1881-1973) Reine Rechtslehre. Einleitung in die rechtswissenschaftliche Problematik. Leipzig und Wien, Franz Deuticke 1934. XIV,[2],236p. Modern half cloth, back gilt-lettered. Name stamp on front free endpaper, signature at foot of title. (#22490) € 600

First edition. Kelsen's main statement of his theory of law that became one of the major books on law of the twentieth century. It was written while in Swiss exile and immediately translated into English as Introduction to the problems of legal theory by Bonnie Litschewski Paulson and Stanley L.Paulson. A much expanded second edition, effectively a different book, appeared 1960.

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[Kipper und Wipper]
Sammelband of eight legal tracts on the problems that arose about the repayment of debts in the aftermath of the currency crisis in the German states in the early 1620's known as Kipper- und Wipperzeit (‘Tipper and see-saw time').
Published in Augsburg (6) and Frankfurt am Main 1623-24.
Bound in modern vellum with finger tabs. Browned, some staining and a few marginal repairs. (#25040)
€ 850

         

Due to the rising price of silver by the end of the 16th century silver coins of the German city-states became more worth than their nominal value. After the outbreak of the Thirty Years War currencies were debased to finance the high costs of the war and the coinage system of the Habsburg Empire fell into complete disorder. Coins were weighted to sort out the not-yet-debased pieces ('kippen und wippen') and melted and mixed with copper or other cheap metals and reissued.
It worked in the beginning but soon resulted in worthless coins and the complete disarray of the monetary system. Prices raised enormously and caused dreadful distress among the population. Popular protest arose and a great number of pamphlets denouncing the practice appeared between 1620 and 1622. By 1623 the debased coins were withdrawn, but the losses were carried by the impoverished population.
Contents:
Johann Wolfgang HILLER (1590-1665)
Responsum iuris. Uber die Frag: ob ein Schuldtner seinen Glaubiger, der ihme vor disem mit guter gangbarer, unverrufter Reichs Müntz lehensweiss aussgeholffen, mit jetziger im Schwang gehender, geringhältig oder gesteigerten Müntz, rechtmessig bezahlen könne. Welchem in diser Edition anderer Rechtsgelehrten bedencken ... angehengt worden ... Editio quarta auctior et correctior. Augusta Vindel [Augsburg], typis Andreae Apergeri, sumptibus Sebastiani Mylii 1624. 4to. [XII],90,[17]p. *Humpert 10962. Kress 411.
M.LUSTRICIUS [Pseud.] Responsum iuris alterum, das ist: kurtzes aber doch gründlichs Bedencken, uber dise Quaestion: ob einer, welcher vor etlich Jahren gut Geldt aussgelihen, oder darmit jährliche Pensiones erkaufft hat, schuldig seye, sich mit groben Müntzen, der jetzigen gestaigerten hohen Valuta nach, bezahlen zu lassen, oder nicht. Nunc quarto & correctius editum. Gedruckt zu Augsburg, durch Andream Aperger 1624. 24p. *Humpert 10963. Kress 402.
Cristoph BESOLD (1577-1638) & Johann Georg BESOLD (1580-1625) Tria Responsa juris. Das ist: drey rechtliche Bedencken, uber nachfolgende MüntzFragen. 1. Ob ein Schuldtner, welcher den Thaler zu 6. fl. eingenommen, selbigen nach Absatz der Müntzen, für einen Gulden, dreyssig Creutzer, wider erlegen müsse? ... Gedruckt zu Augsburg bey Johann Schultes 1624. 70p. The author's names at end of the three pieces. *Humpert 10959. Kress 397. Goldsmiths' 544. Goldsmiths'-Kress 00544.
Johann Wolfgang HILLER. Informatio juris et aequi. Uber die Frag: ob ein jeder, der leicht oder gestaigert Geldt aussgelihen, nach jetzigem reducirten Müntzwesen, sich also müss wider bezahlen, oder ein Abbruch und Detraction geschehen lassen? Editio altera correctior, & auctior. Gedruckt zu Augsburg bey Johann Schultes 1624. 74p. Goldsmiths' 535.
Aussführliches Müntzbedencken: auss dess Heyligen Römischen Reichs publicierten Müntz Edicten, und Constitutionen ... uber die Frag: ob ein Creditor, welcher vor etlich Jahren dem Debitori ein gewisse Summen Geldts, inn damalen gangbarer Reichsmüntz an allerley Geldt Sorten vorgestreckt und gelihen, sich vor dem Debitore mit denen bisshero gestaigerten und verenderten Müntzen ... bezahlen zu lassen schuldig und verbunden seye ... Gedruckt zu Augsburg bey Johann Schultes 1624. [XXX],111,[15]p. Goldsmiths' 551.
Der STATT FRANCKFURT AM MAYN newe TAXORDNUNG, publicirt und angeschlagen Montags den 17. Octobris, anno 1623. Franckfurt bey Johann Schmidlin, anno 1623. 14p. With woodcut coat of arms of Frankfurt on title.
Der STATT FRANCKFURT AM MAYN TAXORDNUNG. Franckfurt bey Johann Schmidlin, anno 1623. 47p. With woodcut coat of arms of Frankfurt on title.
Theophilus GLEICH RECHT [Henning Kniephof] (1596-1663) Consultatio juridica de controversiis ex moneta adulterina noviter exortis secundum adminicula juris ex æquo & bono decidendis, oder, unvorgreiffliches Bedencken, wie nunmehr nach restituirtem rechtmässigen Müntzwesen, die hierauss angesponnene Streitigkeiten mehrentheils, vermüge der rechte und natürlicher Billigkeit, möchten erortert und verglichen werden ... Editio secunda, auctior & correctior, &c. Gedruckt bey Philip Wittel, Inverlegung Johan Birckners 1623. [IV],92,[16]p. *Humpert 10960. Kress S.540. Goldsmiths'-Kress 005369.

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KOUMANS, Pieter (1730-1779, publisher/printer) Verklaring van allerhande zo goude, als zilvere, en andere geld-specien; ook van dingen, die voor geldt in gebruik zyn, alsmede van versierde munten. Twede druk: de helft vermeerdert. Waar by gevoegt een aantekening van eenige personen, die tot den ouderdom van 100 jaren en daar boven gestegen zyn. Alsmede enige waarnemingen van ‘t jaarlykse sterfgetal der menschen, enz. in zommige vorstendommen en voorname steden van Europa. Te Leeuwarden, gedrukt by Pieter Koumans 1746. Small 4to. [VIII],99p. Later marbled thick boards. Stamps on title and edges. (#25447) € 300

Second edition. The first part is an alphabetically arranged dictionary of all kinds of gold and silver coins and ‘things that are used for money', mostly with their origin and value. The second part (p.79-99), here printed for the first time, gives a chronologically arranged list of some 50 people died at or over the age of 100, taken from historical sources. This is followed by some figures on the death rates, baptized children, marriages, etc. in various European places.
A third edition was published in 1780, with additions to the first part, but without the second part of the present second edition. We could not find a first edition of this title.

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[LAMBERT, Jean François (1745-1836)] Cahier des pauvres. Ce qui, pour toutes les classes de lecteurs signifie: Un peu de pain est la vie des pauvres, celui qui le leur ôte est homicide. Celui qui leur arrache le pain qu'ils ont gagné par leur sueur, est comme celui qui assassine son prochain. C'est ainsi que la cupidité fabrique les mendians, & qu'elle devore à la fois les hommes & les empires. [No place, no publisher 1789.] 16p. With woodcut head-piece. Uncut and stab-stitched in new wrappers. (#27449) € 375

First (only) edition, rare. A powerful plea for the rights of the non-propertied class. Among his demands are that the production of useful goods should be given priority over the production of luxury goods for the rich, that wages should be sufficient for a decent existence, that everyone who performs useful work should be assured of his existence, that the condition of the labouring class is a constant concern of the state, etc.
Lambert clearly distinguishes between the labouring class and the propertied class, thus anticipating the Marxist thinkers of the next century. ‘There are and always will be only two truly distinct classes of citizens: the owners and the non-owners, the former having everything and the latter having nothing.'
He also states that ‘money does nothing, produces nothing, it is only the sign of things and things are produced only by the work of men ... it is therefore not money but men who make the strength and the nerve of states'.
The author identifies himself as ‘inspecteur des apprentis des différentes Maisons de l'Hôpital Général à la Pitié, 43 years old ... father of 8 children, of which 6 alife, all fed by his wife, and who, God willing, hopes soon to give one more citizen to the state'. He published the same year a work with similar views, Prècis de vues générales en faveur de ceux qui n'ont rien.
*INED 2549. A.Lichtenberger, Le socialisme au XVIIIe siècle, p.432. Not in Kress, Goldsmiths' or Einaudi.

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[LANGUET, Hubert (1518-1581) & Philippe DUPLESSIS-MORNAY (1549-1623)] De la puissance legitime du prince sur le peuple, et du peuple sur le prince. Traité tres-utile & digne de lecture en ce temps, escrit en Latin par Estiene Iunius Brutus, & nouvellement traduit en François. ]No place, no publisher] 1581. Small 8vo. 264p. Seventeenth century calf, gilt back with red label, red edges. Old name on title, vague damp stain in last 20 pages. A nice copy. (#29923) € 1750

First (only) French edition. Originally published anonymously in 1579 as Vindiciae contra tyrannos. There seems to be no definitive answer as to who the real author was, but it is likely that it was a collective production. Despite the title stating that this is a new translation, no other translation is known. The translation has been attributed to François Estienne. ‘This translation more sought after than the Latin original' (Brunet)
This was the most famous and important text that came from the French protestants, which gives the most complete summary of Huguenot revolutionary theory. In it, the author(s) give(s) answers to four - seemingly rhetorical - questions: ‘Are subjects bound to obey princes if their orders contradict the law of God? If it is permissible to resist a prince who wants to break the law of God or who ruins the church? If it is permissible to resist a prince who oppresses or ruins a public state, and to what extent this resistance and to what extent this resistance may be carried? If neighboring princes can or are required by law to give aid to the subjects of other princes, afflicted because of true religion, or oppressed by manifest tyranny'.
*Hauser 2220. Brunet I,c.1308.

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LA SAGRA, Ramon de (1798-1871)
Atlas carcelario o coleccion de laminas de las principales carceles de Europa y de América, proyectos de construccion, carruages y objetos de uso frecuente en las prisiones. Primera y segunda serie que contienen las carceles modelos para la Francia, y las construidas en Inglaterra, Escocia, Suiza y Belgica.
Madrid, imprenta del Colegio de sordo-mudos y ciegos 1843.
Folio (39,5x27 cm). Title, index (2p.) and 39 double-page lithographed plans, profiles and plates. Contemp. calf-backed sprinkled boards, small defect at top of back, edges little rubbed. Two leaves with corner cut away just touching printed surface, one leaf with a big closed tear, one leaf with a marginal tear. (#34408)
€ 750

      

First (only) edition. A rare atlas with ground plans and front and side views of projected and existing cellular prisons in France, England and some other countries including fine plates of tread-wheels and similar machines for ‘labor of the hardest and most servile kind'.
A first series of 25 leaves contains sketches for some 13 different types of buildings for cellular confinement, mostly a groundplan on one leaf and profile views on the next. Most of these are identified only as ‘provincial prisons' with 12 up to 126 cells, including some dome-shaped. Three others are identified as projects for prisons for the cities of Caen, Madrid and Rome.
The second series of 14 leaves is concerned with penitentiary institutions mostly in England and Scotland: groundplans of Westminster and Millbank prison, tread-mill in Gloucester, tread-hand-wheel in Petworth, crank-mill with separators, solitary crank-mill (constructed by Richmond & Son Engineers, Chelmsford) with an ergometer, plan for a prison with 284 cells by John Sibly, chapel-shaped cellular prison, Edinburgh and Glasgow Bridewell, and prisons in Geneva, Lausanne and Ghent.
Most leaves are signed by A.Blouet or Harou-Romain, some are signed by others or are unsigned; all were lithographed by G.Schatter.
Ramon de La Sagra was a Spanish anarchist, political thinker and botanist, now best remembered for his important works on the history of Cuba. He lived in Paris for a time and made extensive travels through Europe with the purpose to investigate the condition of charitable institutions and the prison system in these countries.
More plates from the second series and a third and fourth series announced on the rear cover never appeared. A text volume (104p. in 8vo) issued the same year is not present here.

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LEIBNIZ, Gottfried Wilhelm (1646-1716)
Essais de theodicée sur la bonté de Dieu, la liberté de l'homme, et l'origine du mal. Par Mr. Leibnitz. Seconde edition.
A Amsterdam, chez Isaac Troyel 1712.
[LII],660p. Contemp. calf, neatly rebacked preserving most of the original. Some browning, mostly limited to the last quires and the additional titles, tiny paper flow at foot of title. Bookplate of the Bridgewater Library to front pastedown. As often bound with two other titles by Leibniz, see below. (#28850)
€ 4500

            

First edition, second issue. Though marked ‘seconde edition' this is actually a new issue of the first edition of 1710. It has a new title-page, now - other than the first sissue - with Leibniz' name as the author stated. This is Leibniz' best known philosophical work published in his lifetime, many times reprinted and widely read. It was the outcome of philosophical discussions with Sophie Charlotte, queen of Prussia, on questions, many of which had been raised by Pierre Bayle, of the conformity of faith with reason, free will, evil and the justification of God's creation.
The Bridgewater Library was a family library, the oldest large family collection in England to survive intact into modern times. Most of the library was sold to Henry Huntington in 1917 and now forms the core of the Elizabethan and early Stuart collection at the Huntington Library.
*Ravier 70. Printing and the mind of man 177.
Bound with: Causa Dei asserta per justitiam ejus, com caeteris ejus perfectionibus, cunctisque actionibus conciliatam. Amstelodami, apud Isacum Trojel 1710. 46p. With folding table. *Ravier 68.
And with: Reflexions sur l'ouvrage que M. Hobbes a publié en Anglais, de la liberté, de la necessité & du hazard. [No place, no date]. 99p., including caption-title.

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MAFFEI, Scipione (1675-1755)
Consiglio politico finora inedito presentato al governo Veneto nell'anno 1736.
Venezia, dalla Stamperia Palese 1797.
125,[2]p. Contemp. tinted boards. Library stamp on title and small shelfmark on 2 following pages, some staining. (#38023)
€ 300

First (only) edition. Advices for the rulers of Venice, written as early as 1736 after a trip through England, Holland and Germany. It could not be printed because of its sharp criticism of the present system of government, but it had circulated in manuscript. Maffei's emphasis on the need of reform, the extension of the participation of its citizens and the separation of powers has made him ranked among the forerunners of Montesquieu. Maffei is best known as an antiquarian, chiefly concerned with Etruscology and as a playwriter, but he also wrote on religious matters and a variety of other subjects, like fortepiano instruments. In economics he is best known for his attempt to reconcile the church doctrine on usury with the needs of modern commerce (Dell'impiego del danaro, 1744).

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MAIMON, Salomon (1753-1800)
Versuch einer neuen Logik, oder Theorie des Denkens. Nebst angehängten Briefen des Philaletes an Aenesidemus.
Berlin, bei Ernst Felisch 1794.
LVIII,438p. With folding table at end. Contemp. marbled boards, back with (chipped) green label, red edges, some rubbing, repair to foot of back. Two stamps from monastery libraries on title and front pastedown. (#38399)
€ 1250

First edition. Maimon was a Lithuanian Jew who denounced orthodox Judaism and spent most of his life in Germany. Without an academic education and living in poverty, he developed into an independent thinker along the lines of Leibniz, Wolff and Mendelssohn. He became acquainted with the philosophy of Immanuel Kant, and became one of his most important critics. Kant said about him that ‘not only do none of my opponents understand me and the main question so well, but few have the ingenuity to conduct such a profound analysis as Mr. Maymon'. ‘Maimon's work is the product of philosophical genius, and at its heart it is a serene account of reflection on thought that can instruct anyone to unify the principles of logic, on the one hand, and the principles of our scientific approach to the world, on the other, culminating in a thought-provoking metaphysics and philosophy of religion' (OUP). An English translation by Timothy Franz appeared not before 2024 as Essay on a new logic or theory of thinking.

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MALTHUS, Thomas Robert (1766-1834)
Definitions in political economy, preceded by an inquiry into the rules which ought to guide political economists in the definition and use of their terms; with remarks on the deviation from these rules in their writings.
London, John Murray 1827.
VIII,261p. Fine recent two-tone boards, back lettered black, marbled edges. Corner of half-title clipped. A nice copy. (#29316)
€ 2000

First edition. Malthus' last book in which he occupied himself with the terminology of economic science. In his preface he writes that ‘the differences of opinion among political economists have of late been a frequent subject of complaint; and it must be allowed that one of the principal causes of them may be traced to the different meanings in which the same terms have been used by different writers'. The first half of the book is taken by increasingly polemical criticisms of the use of words by Adam Smith, Say, Ricardo, James Mill, McCulloch and Samuel Bailey, the last two chapters contain definitions of 60 terms, followed by observations on the defitiions. ‘In his Definitions in political economy [Malthus] enunciated four ‘Rules for the definition and application of terms in political economy', and listed sixty definitions of economic concepts. However, Malthus's understandable obsession with his own interpretation of the measure of value, with his own definition of wealth in terms of material goods only, and with his belief that wealth should not be defined in terms of goods having value in exchange, meant that he, rightly or wrongly, had become estranged from the usages current amongst other economists, and that in some respects his attempts to introduce order and clarity merely exacerbated the terminology confusion. Nevertheless, the Definitions remains significant as an early contribution to the methodology of economics, and one which repays consideration in times of terminological confusion.' Kress C.1924. Goldsmiths' 25180. Einaudi 3665. New Palgrave III,p.284.

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